What can cause infertility in men?
Male infertility is a common issue that affects about half of all couples struggling to conceive. It can result from a range of health problems and lifestyle factors that interfere with sperm production, quality, or delivery. Below are the most common causes of male infertility:
1. Hormonal Imbalances
Low levels of key hormones—such as testosterone or thyroid hormones—can disrupt sperm production and sexual function. Conditions like hypogonadism or thyroid disease may play a role.
2. Testicular Issues
Damage to the testicles from injury, infections like mumps orchitis, or developmental issues can impair sperm production and quality.
3. Sperm Transport Problems
Blockages in the reproductive tract can prevent sperm from being ejaculated. This may result from infections, prior surgeries, congenital defects, or conditions like varicocele—swollen veins in the scrotum that affect testicular temperature and function.
4. Abnormal Sperm Function
Even if sperm counts are normal, sperm may be abnormally shaped or poorly motile, making it difficult to fertilize an egg.
5. Genetic or Chromosomal Disorders
Conditions like Klinefelter's syndrome or cystic fibrosis can impair sperm development or block sperm delivery, reducing fertility.
6. Environmental and Occupational Toxins
Exposure to radiation, pesticides, heavy metals, or industrial chemicals can negatively impact sperm count and function.
7. Medications, Drugs, and Substance Use
Some prescription drugs—including antidepressants and anabolic steroids—along with alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs, are known to affect male fertility.
8. Chronic Health Conditions
Diseases such as diabetes, liver or kidney disorders, and malnutrition can disrupt hormone levels and impair fertility.
9. Unexplained Male Infertility
In nearly 50% of cases, no specific cause is identified despite thorough testing. This condition is called idiopathic male infertility.
Take Control Today
At Bastion Health, we offer virtual consults with urologists and personalized treatment plans—all covered through your employer, so you can take the next step with clarity and confidence. Don’t wait, take control of your health today.